Xanthoparmelia
OTHER NAME(S): X. scabrosa, Xanthoparmelia scabrosa
Overview
Xanthoparmelia (Xanthoparmelia scabrosa) is a type of lichen, which is an organism made of fungus and algae living together. It is used as medicine.
Xanthoparmelia contains chemicals that might have anti-cancer effects. These same chemicals might also be toxic to healthy cells in the body.
People sometimes use xanthoparmelia for cancer, erectile dysfunction (ED), sexual problems that prevent satisfaction during sexual activity, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
Products containing xanthoparmelia are often marketed for sexual enhancement. In 2004, the US FDA seized several supplement products containing xanthoparmelia because they also contained the prescription drug tadalafil (Cialis).
Uses
We currently have no information for Xanthoparmelia overview.
Side Effects
When taken by mouth: Xanthoparmelia is possibly unsafe. It contains poisonous chemicals that can cause healthy body cells to die.
Precautions
When taken by mouth: Xanthoparmelia is possibly unsafe. It contains poisonous chemicals that can cause healthy body cells to die.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Xanthoparmelia is possibly unsafe when taken by mouth during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It contains toxic chemicals. Avoid use.
Interactions
We currently have no information for Xanthoparmelia overview.
Dosing
There isn't enough reliable information to know what an appropriate dose of xanthoparmelia might be. Xanthoparmelia might also be unsafe. Speak with a healthcare provider before use.
References
- Ernst-Russell MA, Elix JA, Chai CLL, et al. Structure Revision and Cytotoxic Activity of the Scabrosin Esters, Epidithiopiperazinediones from the Lichen Xanthoparmelia scarbosa. Aust J Chem 1999;52:279-83.
- Moerman KL, Chai CL, Waring P. Evidence that the lichen-derived scabrosin esters target mitochondrial ATP synthase in P388D1 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003;190:232-40.
- FDA Enforcement Report. January 21, 2004. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2004/ENF00831.html.