Gamboge
OTHER NAME(S): Baie de Brindall, Camboge, Gambodia, Gomme-Gutte, Gummigutta, Gutta Cambodia, Gutta Gamba, Guttagamba, Tom Rong, Garcinia hanburyi, Gambooge
Overview
Gamboge is a gum-like substance (resin) from the trunk of the Garcinia hanburyi tree. Don't confuse gamboge with garcinia (Garcinia cambogia).
Gamboge is used for cancer, constipation, infections of the intestines by parasites, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Using gamboge can also be unsafe.
Some gamboge products are "stretched" by adding rice and wheat starches, sand, and vegetable fragments. You can spot these adulterated products because they are usually coarser and harder than pure gamboge.
Uses
Insufficient Evidence for
- A lung disease that leads to scarring and thickening of the lung (idiopathic interstitial pneumonia).
- Cancer.
- Constipation.
- Infection of the intestines by parasites.
- Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of gamboge for these uses.
Side Effects
When taken by mouth: Gamboge is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth. It can cause stomach pain and vomiting. Large amounts are poisonous and may cause death.
Precautions
When taken by mouth: Gamboge is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth. It can cause stomach pain and vomiting. Large amounts are poisonous and may cause death.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: It's POSSIBLY UNSAFE to use gamboge if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. It contains chemicals that may cause harmful side effects or death.
Heart conditions: Since gamboge is a stimulant laxative, it might cause the body to lose too much potassium. This can cause heart damage or make existing heart disease worse.
Digestive tract conditions including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, appendicitis, stomach pain, ulcers, obstruction, nausea, or vomiting: Gamboge is a stimulant laxative. It might make these conditions worse.
Interactions
Moderate Interaction
Be cautious with this combination
- Medications for inflammation (Corticosteroids) interacts with GambogeSome medications for inflammation can decrease potassium in the body. Gamboge is a type of laxative that might also decrease potassium in the body. Taking gamboge along with some medications for inflammation might decrease potassium in the body too much. Some medications for inflammation include dexamethasone (Decadron), hydrocortisone (Cortef), methylprednisolone (Medrol), prednisone (Deltasone), and others.
- Stimulant laxatives interacts with GambogeGamboge is a type of laxative called a stimulant laxative. Stimulant laxatives speed up the bowels. Taking gamboge along with other stimulant laxatives could speed up the bowels too much and cause dehydration and low minerals in the body. Some stimulant laxatives include bisacodyl (Correctol, Dulcolax), cascara, castor oil (Purge), senna (Senokot), and others.
- Warfarin (Coumadin) interacts with GambogeGamboge can work as a laxative. In some people gamboge can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding. If you take warfarin do not to take excessive amounts of gamboge.
- Water pills (Diuretic drugs) interacts with GambogeGamboge is a laxative. Some laxatives can decrease potassium in the body. "Water pills" can also decrease potassium in the body. Taking gamboge along with "water pills" might decrease potassium in the body too much. Some "water pills" that can decrease potassium include chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, HydroDiuril, Microzide), and others.
- Digoxin (Lanoxin) interacts with GambogeGamboge is a type of laxative called a stimulant laxative. Stimulant laxatives can decrease potassium levels in the body. Low potassium levels can increase the risk of side effects of digoxin (Lanoxin).
Dosing
The appropriate dose of gamboge depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for gamboge. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
References
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Osol and Farar. The Dispensatory of the United States of America. 25th ed. JB Lippincott Co., 1955.
- Qu Y, Zhang G, Ji Y, Zhua H, Lv C, Jiang W. Protective role of gambogic acid in experimental pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine. 2016;23(4):350-8.
- Wen C, Huang L, Chen J, et al. Gambogic acid inhibits growth, induces apoptosis, and overcomes drug resistance in human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2015;47(5):1663-71.
- Yang J, He S, Li S, Zhang R, Peng A, Chen L. In vitro and in vivo antiangiogenic activity of caged polyprenylated xanthones isolated from Garcinia hanburyi Hook. f. Molecules. 2013;18(12):15305-13.
- Pan L, Xu M, Wang N, Jia Y, Xiu Y. Determination and tissue distribution comparisons of five xanthones after orally administering crude and processed gamboge. Biomed Chromatogr. 2022 Oct 5:e5516. doi: 10.1002/bmc.5516.