Evodia
OTHER NAME(S): Evodia Extract, Evodia Lepta, Evodiae, Evodiae Fructus, Evodia Fruit, Evodiamine, Extrait d'E'odia, E. rutaecarpa, E. officinalis, Gosyuyu, San Cha Ku, Wu-Chu-Yu, Wu-Zhu-Yu, Evodia rutaecarpa, Evodia officinalis, Wu Chu Yu, Wu Zhu Yu, Evodia Lepta Root, Evodia Rutaecarpa Fruit, Évodie
Overview
Evodia (Evodia rutaecarpa) is a tree native to China and Korea. The fruit has a bitter taste and is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
Chemicals in evodia might have many effects in the body, such as reducing pain, swelling, diarrhea, and blood pressure, and stimulating the heart.
People use evodia for diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
Uses
We currently have no information for Evodia overview.
Side Effects
When taken by mouth: There isn't enough reliable information to know if evodia is safe or what the side effects might be.
Precautions
When taken by mouth: There isn't enough reliable information to know if evodia is safe or what the side effects might be.
Pregnancy: Evodia is possibly unsafe to use while pregnant. It contains some chemicals that affect pregnant animals. These chemicals cause the animals' uterus to contract and also seem to reduce the size of the litter. It's not known if evodia affects pregnancy in humans, but it's best to stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if evodia is safe to use when breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Irregular heartbeat: Evodia might make an irregular heartbeat worse. Don't use evodia if you have this condition.
Surgery: Evodia seems to slow blood clotting. This might increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery. Stop using evodia at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.
Interactions
Moderate Interaction
Be cautious with this combination
- Theophylline interacts with EvodiaEvodia might increase how quickly the body gets rid of theophylline. Taking evodia along with theophylline might decrease the effects of theophylline.
- Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) substrates) interacts with EvodiaSome medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Evodia might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
- Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates) interacts with EvodiaSome medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Evodia might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
- Medications that decrease break down of other medications by the liver (Cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 (CYP1A2) inhibitors) interacts with EvodiaEvodia is changed and broken down by the liver. Some drugs decrease how quickly the liver changes and breaks down evodia. This could change the effects and side effects of evodia.
- Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs) interacts with EvodiaEvodia might slow blood clotting. Taking evodia along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
- Chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte, Paraflex) interacts with EvodiaThe body breaks down chlorzoxazone to get rid of it. Evodia might increase how quickly the body gets rid of chlorzoxazone. Taking evodia along with chlorzoxazone might decrease the effects of chlorzoxazone.
- Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) substrates) interacts with EvodiaSome medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Evodia might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
- Medications that decrease break down of other medications in the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors) interacts with EvodiaEvodia is changed and broken down by the liver. Some drugs decrease how quickly the liver changes and breaks down evodia. This could change the effects and side effects of evodia.
- Medications that increase break down of other medications by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inducers) interacts with EvodiaEvodia is changed and broken down by the liver. Some drugs increase how quickly the liver changes and breaks down evodia. This could change the effects and side effects of evodia.
- Medications that can cause an irregular heartbeat (QT interval-prolonging drugs) interacts with EvodiaEvodia might affect electrical currents in the heart. This can increase the risk of having an irregular heartbeat. Some medications can have this same effect. Taking evodia with these medications might increase the risk for a serious heart issue.
Minor Interaction
Be watchful with this combination
- Caffeine interacts with EvodiaThe body breaks down caffeine to get rid of it. Evodia might increase how quickly the body gets rid of caffeine. Taking evodia along with caffeine might decrease the effects of caffeine.
Dosing
There isn't enough reliable information to know what an appropriate dose of evodia might be. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult a healthcare professional before using.
References
- Shoji N, Umeyama A, Takemoto T, et al. Isolation of evodiamine, a powerful cardiotonic principle, from Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham (Rutaceae). J Pharm Sci 1986;75:612-3.
- Sheu JR, Kan YC, Hung WC, et al. The antiplatelet activity of rutaecarpine, an alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa, is mediated through inhibition of phospholipase C. Thromb Res 1998;92:53-64.
- Sheu JR, Hung WC, Lee YM, Yen MH. Mechanism of inhibition of platelet aggregation by rutaecarpine, an alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa. Eur J Pharmacol 1996;318:469-75.
- Chiou WF, Chou CJ, Liao JF, et al. The mechanism of the vasodilator effect of rutaecarpine, an alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa. Eur J Pharmacol 1994;257:59-66.
- Yang MC, Wu SL, Kuo JS, Chen CF. The hypotensive and negative chronotropic effects of dehydroevodiamine. Eur J Pharmacol 1990;182:537-42.
- Wu CL, Hung CR, Chang FY, et al. Effects of evodiamine on gastrointestinal motility in male rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2002;457:169-76.
- Ueng YF, Tsai TH, Don MJ, et al. Alteration of the pharmacokinetics of theophylline by rutaecarpine, an alkaloid of the medicinal herb Evodia rutaecarpa, in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005;57:227-32.
- Rho TC, Bae EA, Kim DH, et al. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of quinolone alkaloids from Evodiae fructus. Biol Pharm Bull 1999;22:1141-3.
- King CL, Kong YC, Wong NS, et al. Uterotonic effect of Evodia rutaecarpa alkaloids. J Nat Prod 1980;43:577-82.
- Ueng YF, Jan WC, Lin LC, et al. The alkaloid rutaecarpine is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A in mouse and human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:349-53.
- Tominaga K, Higuchi K, Hamasaki N, et al. In vivo action of novel alkyl methyl quinolone alkaloids against Helicobacter pylori. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;50:547-52.
- Fei XF, Wang BX, Li TJ, et al. Evodiamine, a constituent of Evodiae Fructus, induces anti-proliferating effects in tumor cells. Cancer Sci 2003;94:92-8.
- Zhang Y, Wu LJ, Tashiro S, et al. Evodiamine induces tumor cell death through different pathways: apoptosis and necrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2004;25:83-9.
- Ogasawara M, Suzuki H. Inhibition by evodiamine of hepatocyte growth factor-induced invasion and migration of tumor cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2004;27:578-82.
- Jin HZ, Lee JH, Lee D, et al. Quinolone alkaloids with inhibitory activity against nuclear factor of activated T cells from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. Biol Pharm Bull 2004;27:926-8.
- Iwata H, Tezuka Y, Kadota S, et al. Mechanism-based inactivation of human liver microsomal CYP3A4 by rutaecarpine and limonin from Evodia fruit extract. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2005;20:34-45.
- Moon TC, Murakami M, Kudo I, et al. A new class of COX-2 inhibitor, rutaecarpine from Evodia rutaecarpa. Inflamm Res 1999;48:621-5.
- Sheu JR, Hung WC, Wu CH, et al. Antithrombotic effect of rutaecarpine, an alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa, on platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments. Br J Haematol 2000;110:110-5.
- Liao CH, Pan SL, Guh JH, et al. Antitumor mechanism of evodiamine, a constituent from Chinese herb Evodiae fructus, in human multiple-drug resistant breast cancer NCI/ADR-RES cells in vitro and in vivo. Carcinogenesis 2005;26:968-75.
- Takada Y, Kobayashi Y, Aggarwal BB. Evodiamine abolishes constitutive & inducible NF-kappaB activation by inhibiting IkappaBalpha kinase activation, thereby suppressing NF-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic & metastatic gene expression, up-regulating apoptosis, & inhibit invasion. Biol Chem 2005;280:17203-12.
- Tsai TH, Chang CH, Lin LC. Effects of Evodia rutaecarpa and rutaecarpine on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in rats. Planta Med 2005;71:640-5.
- Wang L, Hu CP, Deng PY, et al. The protective effects of rutaecarpine on gastric mucosa injury in rats. Planta Med 2005;71:416-9.
- Rang WQ, Du YH, Hu CP, et al. Protective effects of evodiamine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Planta Med 2004;70:1140-3.
- Yi HH, Rang WQ, Deng PY, et al. Protective effects of rutaecarpine in cardiac anaphylactic injury is mediated by CGRP. Planta Med 2004;70:1135-9.
- Kobayashi Y. The nociceptive and anti-nociceptive effects of evodiamine from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa in mice. Planta Med 2003;69:425-8.
- Kobayashi Y, Nakano Y, Kizaki M, et al. Capsaicin-like anti-obese activities of evodiamine from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, a vanilloid receptor agonist. Planta Med 2001;67:628-33.
- Kobayashi Y, Hoshikuma K, Nakano Y, et al. The positive inotropic & chronotropic effects of evodiamine & rutaecarpine, indoloquinazoline alkaloids isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, on the guinea-pig isolated right atria: possible involvement of vanilloid receptors. Planta Med 2001;67:244-8.
- Yu LL, Liao JF, Chen CF. Anti-diarrheal effect of water extract of Evodiae fructus in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:39-45.
- Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M, Iinuma M, Kubo M. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of limonin isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa var. bodinieri. Planta Med 1998;64:339-42.
- Park CH, Kim SH, Choi W, et al. Novel anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activities of dehydroevodiamine, a constituent of Evodia rutaecarpa. Planta Med 1996;62:405-9.
- Hamasaki N, Ishii E, Tominaga K, et al. Highly selective antibacterial activity of novel alkyl quinolone alkaloids from a Chinese herbal medicine, Gosyuyu (Wu-Chu-Yu), against Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Microbiol Immunol 2000;44:9-15.
- Adams M, Kunert O, Haslinger E, Bauer R. Inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis by quinolone alkaloids from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. Planta Med 2004;70:904-8.
- Lee SK, Kim NH, Lee J, et al. Induction of cytochrome P450s by rutaecarpine and metabolism of rutaecarpine by cytochrome P450s. Planta Med 2004;70:753-7.
- Baburin I, Varkvisser R, Schramm A, et al. Dehydroevodiamine and hortiamine, alkaloids from the traditional Chinese herbal drug Evodia rutaecarpa, are IKr blockers with proarrhythmic effects in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Res. 2018 May;131:150-163.
- Zhang W, Guo J, Wang D, et al. Effect of CYP3A inducer/inhibitor on pharmacokinetics of five alkaloids in Evodiae Fructus. Chem Biol Interact 2020;327:109146.
- Huang CJ, Huang WC, Lin WT, et al. Rutaecarpine, an alkaloid from Evodia rutaecarpa, can prevent platelet activation in humans and reduce microvascular thrombosis in mice: crucial role of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3ß signal axis through a cyclic nucleotides/VASP-independent mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22(20):11109.
- Bista SR, Lee SK, Thapa D, et al. Effects of oral rutaecarpine on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous chlorzoxazone in rats. Toxicol Res 2008;24(3):195-9.
- Xian S, Lin Z, Zhou C, Wu X. The Protective Effect of Evodiamine in Osteoarthritis: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study in Mice Model. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:899108.
- Xu M, Shi Z, He Z, et al. Rutaecarpine alleviates migraine in nitroglycerin-induced mice by regulating PTEN/PGK1 signaling pathway to activate NRF2 antioxidant system. Biomed Pharmacother 2023;166:115300.
- Xu M, Wang W, Lu W, Ling X, Rui Q, Ni H. Evodiamine prevents traumatic brain injury through inhibiting oxidative stress via PGK1/NRF2 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022;153:113435.
- Zha Y, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Ye B, Li H, Liang J. Dietary Evodiamine Inhibits Atherosclerosis-Associated Changes in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(7):6653.