Brown Rice
OTHER NAME(S): Dewaxed Brown Rice, Genmai, Glutinous Brown Rice, Pre-germinated Brown Rice, Riz Asiatique, Riz Brun, Riz Cargo, Riz Complet, Riz Intégral, Sticky Brown Rice, Oryza sativa, Arroz Integral, Riz brun
Overview
Brown rice is the dehusked seed of the rice plant (Oryza sativa). It contains nutrients such as fiber that are often removed from white rice.
Brown rice retains the bran, germ, and endosperm from the seed of the rice plant. This means that brown rice contains higher amounts of fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, protein, minerals, vitamins, and starch than white rice.
People use brown rice for diabetes, prediabetes, obesity, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
Don't confuse brown rice with rice bran, rice protein, black rice, or red yeast rice. These are not the same.
Uses
We currently have no information for Brown Rice overview.
Side Effects
When taken by mouth: Brown rice is commonly consumed in foods. But there isn't enough reliable information to know if brown rice is safe to use in larger amounts as medicine or what the side effects might be.
Precautions
When taken by mouth: Brown rice is commonly consumed in foods. But there isn't enough reliable information to know if brown rice is safe to use in larger amounts as medicine or what the side effects might be.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Brown rice is commonly consumed in foods. But there isn't enough reliable information to know if brown rice is safe to use in the larger amounts as medicine. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.
Interactions
We currently have no information for Brown Rice overview.
Dosing
Brown rice is commonly consumed in foods. As medicine, there isn't enough reliable information to know what an appropriate dose of brown rice might be. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult a healthcare professional before using.
References
- FDA, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Premarket Approval, EAFUS: A food additive database. Website: vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/eafus.html (Accessed 23 February 2006).
- Bird AR, Hayakawa T, Marsono Y, et al. Coarse brown rice increases fecal and large bowel short-chain fatty acids and starch but lowers calcium in the large bowel of pigs. J Nutr 2000;130:1780-7.
- Miller JB, Pang E, Bramall L. Rice: a high or low glycemic index food? Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:1034-6.
- Hagiwara H, Seki T, Ariga T. The effect of pre-germinated brown rice intake on blood glucose and PAI-1 levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2004;68:444-7.
- Madar Z. Effect of brown rice and soybean dietary fiber on the control of glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;38:388-93.
- Oh CH, Oh SH. Effects of germinated brown rice extracts with enhanced levels of GABA on cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. J Med Food 2004;7:19-23.
- Katayama M, Sugie S, Yoshimi N, et al. Preventive effect of fermented brown rice and rice bran on diethylnitrosoamine and phenobarbital-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male F344 rats. Oncol Rep 2003;10:875-80.
- Oh SH, Soh JR, Cha YS. Germinated brown rice extract shows a nutraceutical effect in the recovery of chronic alcohol-related symptoms. J Med Food 2003;6:115-21.
- Oh SH. Stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis activity in brown rice by a chitosan/glutamic acid germination solution and calcium/calmodulin. J Biochem Mol Biol 2003;36:319-25.
- Nakayama T, Nagai Y, Uehara Y, et al. Eating glutinous brown rice twice a day for 8 weeks improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus. Nutr Diabetes. 2017;7(5):e273.
- Terashima Y, Nagai Y, Kato H, Ohta A, Tanaka Y. Eating glutinous brown rice for one day improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes assessed by continuous glucose monitoring. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2017;26(3):421-426.
- Bui TN, Le TH, Nguyen do H, et al. Pre-germinated brown rice reduced both blood glucose concentration and body weight in Vietnamese women with impaired glucose tolerance. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2014;60(3):183-7.
- Zhang G, Pan A, Zong G, et al. Substituting white rice with brown rice for 16 weeks does not substantially affect metabolic risk factors in middle-aged Chinese men and women with diabetes or a high risk for diabetes. J Nutr. 2011;141(9):1685-90.
- Shimabukuro M, Higa M, Kinjo R, et al. Effects of the brown rice diet on visceral obesity and endothelial function: the BRAVO study. Br J Nutr. 2014;111(2):310-20.
- Malik VS, Sudha V, Wedick NM, et al. Substituting brown rice for white rice on diabetes risk factors in India: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2019;121(12):1389-97.
- Sarkar M, Hossain S, Hussain J, et al. Cholesterol lowering and antioxidative effect of pregerminated brown rice in hypercholesterolemic rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2019;65(Supplement):S93-S99.
- Sawada K, Takemi Y, Murayama N, Ishida H. Relationship between rice consumption and body weight gain in Japanese workers: white versus brown rice/multigrain rice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019;44(5):528-32.
- Uenobe M, Saika T, Waku N, Ohno M, Inagawa H. Efficacy of continuous ingestion of dewaxed brown rice on the cognitive functions of the residents of elderly welfare facilities: A pilot test using crossover trial. Food Sci Nutr. 2019;7(11):3520-6.
- Mai TT, Trang TT, Hai TT. Effectiveness of germinated brown rice on metabolic syndrome: A randomized control trial in Vietnam. AIMS Public Health. 2020;7(1):33-43.
- Golzarand M, Toolabi K, Eskandari Delfan S, Mirmiran P. The effect of brown rice compared to white rice on adiposity indices, lipid profile, and glycemic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021.
- Abdul Rahim AF, Norhayati MN, Zainudin AM. The effect of a brown-rice diets on glycemic control and metabolic parameters in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. PeerJ 2021;9:e11291.
- Yu J, Balaji B, Tinajero M, et al. White rice, brown rice and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022;12(9):e065426.
- Cheng PW, Liang HL, Lin HL, et al. Pre-germinated brown rice alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fructose and high fat intake in rat. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022;70(3):248-255.