Agmatine
OTHER NAME(S): 1-(4-aminobutyl)guanidine, Agmatin, Agmatine Sulfate, Decarboxylated Arginine, Agmatine, Agmatina
Overview
Agmatine is a chemical found in bacteria, plants, and animals, including humans. It's made from the amino acid called arginine.
Agmatine seems to help manage different chemicals and pathways in the brain. This might improve certain conditions of the brain and nervous system.
People use agmatine for alcohol use disorder, Alzheimer disease, anxiety, depression, Parkinson disease, stroke, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
Uses
We currently have no information for Agmatine overview.
Side Effects
When taken by mouth: Agmatine is possibly safe when used in doses up to 2.67 grams daily for up to 2 months. Side effects might include diarrhea, indigestion, and nausea.
Precautions
When taken by mouth: Agmatine is possibly safe when used in doses up to 2.67 grams daily for up to 2 months. Side effects might include diarrhea, indigestion, and nausea.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if agmatine is safe to use when pregnant or breast feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Surgery: Agmatine might lower blood sugar and blood pressure. This might interfere with blood sugar and blood pressure control during and after surgery. Stop taking agmatine at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.
Interactions
Moderate Interaction
Be cautious with this combination
- Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs) interacts with AgmatineAgmatine might lower blood sugar levels. Taking agmatine along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely.
- Medications for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs) interacts with AgmatineAgmatine might lower blood pressure. Taking agmatine along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. Monitor your blood pressure closely.
Dosing
There isn't enough reliable information to know what an appropriate dose of agmatine might be. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult a healthcare professional before using.
References
- McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ. Lauric acid-rich medium-chain triglycerides can substitute for other oils in cooking applications and may have limited pathogenicity. Open Heart. 2016 Jul 27;3(2):e000467.
- Haenisch B, von Kügelgen I, Bönisch H, et al. Regulatory mechanisms underlying agmatine homeostasis in humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008;295(5):G1104-10.
- Taksande BG, Gawande DY, Chopde CT, Umekar MJ, Kotagale NR. Agmatine ameliorates adjuvant induced arthritis and inflammatory cachexia in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017;86:271-8.
- Piletz JE, Aricioglu F, Cheng JT, et al. Agmatine: clinical applications after 100 years in translation. Drug Discov Today 2013;18(17-18):880-93.
- Freitas AE, Neis VB, Rodrigues ALS. Agmatine, a potential novel therapeutic strategy for depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016;26(12):1885-99.
- Keynan O, Mirovsky Y, Dekel S, Gilad VH, Gilad GM. Safety and efficacy of dietary agmatine sulfate in lumbar disc-associated radiculopathy. An open-label, dose-escalating study followed by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain Med 2010;11(3):356-68.
- Kang S, Kim CH, Jung H, Kim E, Song HT, Lee JE. Agmatine ameliorates type 2 diabetes induced-Alzheimer's disease-like alterations in high-fat diet-fed mice via reactivation of blunted insulin signalling. Neuropharmacology 2017;113(Pt A):467-79.
- Piletz JE, May PJ, Wang G, Zhu H. Agmatine crosses the blood-brain barrier. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003;1009:64-74.
- Molderings GJ, Heinen A, Menzel S, Lübbecke F, Homann J, Göthert M. Gastrointestinal uptake of agmatine: distribution in tissues and organs and pathophysiologic relevance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003;1009:44-51.
- Esnafoglu E, Irende I. Decreased plasma agmatine levels in autistic subjects. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018;125(4):735-40.
- Shopsin B. The clinical antidepressant effect of exogenous agmatine is not reversed by parachlorophenylalanine: a pilot study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2013;25(2):113-8.
- Laube G Bernstein HG. Agmatine: multifunctional arginine metabolite and magic bullet in clinical neuroscience? Biochem J 2017;474(15):2619-40.
- Chen GG, Almeida D, Fiori L, Turecki G. Evidence of reduced agmatine concentrations in the cerebral cortex of suicides. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018;21(10):895-900.
- Guerra de Souza AC, Gonçalves CL, de Souza V, Hartwig JM, Farina M, Prediger RD. Agmatine attenuates depressive-like behavior and hippocampal oxidative stress following amyloid ß (Aß1-40) administration in mice. Behav Brain Res. 2018;353:51-6.
- Dixit MP, Sammeta SS, Dhokne MD, et al. Chronic agmatine treatment prevents olanzapine-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation in female rats. Brain Res Bull 2022;191:69-77.
- ?lmahdy MK, Abdelaziz RR, Elmahdi HS, Sudd?k GM. Effect of agmatine on a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation: A comparative study. Autoimmunity 2022;55(8):608-19.
- Rosenberg ML, Tohidi V, Sherwood K, Gayen S, Medel R, Gilad GM. Evidence for dietary agmatine sulfate effectiveness in neuropathies associated with painful small fiber neuropathy. A pilot open-label consecutive case series study. Nutrients 2020;12(2):576.
- Jeon SJ, Kwon H, Bae HJ, et al. Agmatine relieves behavioral impairments in Fragile X mice model. Neuropharmacology 2022;219:109234.