Succinate
OTHER NAME(S): Acide d'Ambre, Acide Butanedioïque, Acide Éthylène Dicarboxylique, Acide Succinique, Amber Acid, Ammonium Succinate, Butanedioic Acid, Esprit Volatil de Succin, Oil of Amber, Sel Volatil de Succin, Spirit of Amber, Succinic Acid, Succinate, Succinic Acid., Succinato
Overview
Succinate and the closely related succinic acid are chemicals involved in several processes in the body.
People take succinate for symptoms of menopause, obesity, and sexual problems that prevent satisfaction during sexual activity, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
There isn't enough reliable information to know how succinate might work.
There isn't enough reliable information to know how succinate might work.
Uses
Insufficient Evidence for
- Acute pain.
- Obesity.
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
- Sexual problems that prevent satisfaction during sexual activity.
- Symptoms of menopause.
- Teething in babies.
More evidence is needed to rate succinate for these uses.
Side Effects
When taken by mouth: The succinic acid form of succinate is LIKELY SAFE when used in the amounts found in foods.
There isn't enough reliable information to know if succinate or succinic acid are safe or what the side effects might be when they are used in medicinal amounts. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.
Precautions
When taken by mouth: The succinic acid form of succinate is LIKELY SAFE when used in the amounts found in foods.
There isn't enough reliable information to know if succinate or succinic acid are safe or what the side effects might be when they are used in medicinal amounts. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: The succinic acid form of succinate is LIKELY SAFE when used in the amounts found in foods. There isn't enough reliable information to know if succinate or succinic acid in larger amounts are safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.
Interactions
We currently have no information for Succinate overview.
Dosing
The appropriate dose of succinate depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time, there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for succinate. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
References
- Peskov AB, Maevskii EI, Uchitel ML, et al. Succinate-based preparation alleviates manifestations of the climacteric syndrome in women. Bull Exp Biol Med 2005;140:312-4.
- Wang T, Xu YQ, Yuan YX, et al. Succinate induces skeletal muscle fiber remodeling via SUNCR1 signaling. EMBO Rep 2019;20(9):e47892.
- Li X, Mao M, Zhang Y, Yu K, Zhu W. Succinate modulates intestinal barrier function and inflammation response in pigs. Biomolecules 2019;9(9):486.
- Chapela SP, Burgos I, Congost C, et al. Parenteral succinate reduces systemic ROS production in septic rats, but it does not reduce creatinine levels. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018;2018:1928945.
- Harber KJ, de Goede KE, Verberk SGS, et al. Succinate is an inflammation-induced immunoregulatory metabolite in macrophages. Metabolites 2020;10(9):E372.
- Radzinsky VE, Uspenskaya Y, Shulman LP, Kuznetsova IV. Succinate-based dietary supplement for menopausal symptoms: a pooled analysis of two identical randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Obstet Gynecol Int 2019;2019:1572196.
- Food additive status list. US Food and Drug Administration. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list#ftnS
- Kharitonova T, Shvarts YG, Verbovoy AF, Orlova NS, Puzyreva VP, Strokov IA. Efficacy and safety of the combined metabolic medication, containing inosine, nicotinamide, riboflavin and succinic acid, for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy: a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group clinical trial (CYLINDER). BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022;10(3):e002785.
- Wang H, Xia B, Lin M, Wang Y, Sun B, Li Y. Succinic acid inhibits the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. Pharm Biol. 2020 Dec;58(1):1150-5.