Lupin
OTHER NAME(S): Altramuz Amarillo, Andean lupin, Australian Sweet Lupin, Bitter Lupin, Blue Lupin, Hasenklee, Lupin Jaune, Lupine, Lupini Beans, Narrow Leaf Lupin, Narrow Leaved Lupin, Pearl Lupin, Sweet Lupin, Sweet Tarwi, White Lupin, Yellow lupin, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus luteus, Lupinus mutabilis, Lupinus cruckshanksii Hook, Lupinus linifolius Roth, Lupinus varius L, Lupino
Overview
Altramuz Amarillo, Andean Lupin, Australian Sweet Lupin, Bitter Lupin, Blue Lupin, Hasenklee, Lupin Jaune, Lupine, Lupini Beans, Lupinus Albus, Lupinus Angustifolius, Lupinus Luteus, Lupinus Mutabilis, Narrow Leaf Lupin, Narrow Leaved Lupin, Pearl Lupin, Sweet Lupin, Sweet Tarwi, White Lupin, Yellow Lupin.
Lupin is a legume rich in fiber and protein. Specific ingredients in lupin might lower cholesterol and blood sugar.
Lupin is a legume rich in fiber and protein. Specific ingredients in lupin might lower cholesterol and blood sugar.
Uses
Insufficient Evidence for
- Diabetes. It is too early to know if lupin can lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Some research shows that it helps, but other research does not.
- High cholesterol. Early research shows that lupin protein and lupin fiber help to lower cholesterol. But lupin seems to be no better than milk proteins for lowering cholesterol.
- Muscle breakdown. Early research shows that eating lupin in addition to getting electrical stimulation of the muscles and nerves can slow down the breakdown of muscle when compared with wearing a brace for 60 days. It is unclear if this effect is from the lupin or the electrical stimulation.
- Obesity. Early research shows that replacing part of the usual diet with lupin products does not help overweight or obese patients to lose weight.
- Bed sores (pressure ulcers).
- Colon cancer, rectal cancer.
- High blood pressure.
- Infection of the intestines by parasites.
- Infections of the kidney, bladder, or urethra (urinary tract infections or UTIs).
- Prediabetes.
- Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate lupin for these uses.
Side Effects
When taken by mouth: Lupin is LIKELY SAFE when used in food amounts. Processed foods containing lupin, including flour, bread, pasta, and breakfast foods, must contain less than 0.02% of toxic chemicals called quinolizidine alkaloids. When used in larger amounts as a medicine, lupin is POSSIBLY SAFE as long as the toxic alkaloid content is less than 0.02%. The most common adverse effects are gas, bloating, and stomach pain.
Lupin is LIKELY UNSAFE when products with toxic levels of alkaloids (sometimes called bitter lupin) are used. They can cause many adverse effects which can lead to breathing problems and death.
Precautions
When taken by mouth: Lupin is LIKELY SAFE when used in food amounts. Processed foods containing lupin, including flour, bread, pasta, and breakfast foods, must contain less than 0.02% of toxic chemicals called quinolizidine alkaloids. When used in larger amounts as a medicine, lupin is POSSIBLY SAFE as long as the toxic alkaloid content is less than 0.02%. The most common adverse effects are gas, bloating, and stomach pain.
Lupin is LIKELY UNSAFE when products with toxic levels of alkaloids (sometimes called bitter lupin) are used. They can cause many adverse effects which can lead to breathing problems and death.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Lupin is LIKELY SAFE when used in food amounts. Processed foods containing lupin, including flour, bread, pasta, and breakfast foods, must contain less than 0.02% of toxic chemicals called quinolizidine alkaloids.
Lupin is LIKELY UNSAFE when products with toxic levels of alkaloids (sometimes called bitter lupin) are used. They can cause many adverse effects which can lead to breathing problems and death.
Children: Using lupin by mouth is LIKELY SAFE in food amounts. Processed foods containing lupin, including flour, bread, pasta, and breakfast foods, must contain less than 0.02% of toxic chemicals called quinolizidine alkaloids.
Using lupin by mouth is LIKELY UNSAFE when products with toxic levels of alkaloids (sometimes called bitter lupin) are used. They can cause many side effects which can lead to breathing problems and death. Children are more sensitive to these side effects than adults.
Allergy to peanuts or other legumes: Lupin may cause an allergic reaction in people who are sensitive to peanuts or other legumes such as soy or pea. If you have allergies to peanuts or other legumes, be sure to check with your healthcare provider before using lupin.
Interactions
We currently have no information for Lupin overview.
Dosing
The appropriate dose of lupin depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for lupin. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
References
- Sirtori CR, Triolo M, Bosisio R, et al. Hypocholesterolaemic effects of lupin protein and pea protein/fibre combinations in moderately hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Br J Nutr 2012;107:1176-83.
- Bähr M, Fechner A, Kiehntopf M, Jahreis G. Consuming a mixed diet enriched with lupin protein beneficially affects plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2015 Feb;34(1):7-14.
- Bähr M, Fechner A, Krämer J, Kiehntopf M, Jahreis G. Lupin protein positively affects plasma LDL cholesterol and LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic adults after four weeks of supplementation: a randomized, controlled crossover study. Nutr J. 2013;12:107.
- Ballabio C, Peñas E, Uberti F, et al. Characterization of the sensitization profile to lupin in peanut-allergic children and assessment of cross-reactivity risk. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013;24(3):270-5.
- Belski R, Mori TA, Puddey IB, et al. Effects of lupin-enriched foods on body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a 12-month randomized controlled weight loss trial. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(6):810-9.
- Bertoglio JC, Calvo MA, Hancke JL, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of lupin seed ?-conglutin in experimental animals and healthy human subjects. Fitoterapia. 2011;82(7):933-8.
- Campbell CP, Jackson AS, Johnson AR, Thomas PS, Yates DH. Occupational sensitization to lupin in the workplace: occupational asthma, rhinitis, and work-aggravated asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(5):1133-9.
- Capraro J, Magni C, Scarafoni A, et al. Pasta supplemented with isolated lupin protein fractions reduces body weight gain and food intake of rats and decreases plasma glucose concentration upon glucose overload trial. Food Funct. 2014;5(2):375-80.
- Carvajal-Larenas FE, Linnemann AR, Nout MJ, Koziol M, van Boekel MA. Lupinus mutabilis: Composition, Uses, Toxicology, and Debittering. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(9):1454-87.
- Daverio M, Cavicchiolo ME, Grotto P, Lonati D, Cananzi M, Da Dalt L. Bitter lupine beans ingestion in a child: a disregarded cause of acute anticholinergic toxicity. Eur J Pediatr. 2014;173(12):1549-51.
- Di Grande A, Paradiso R, Amico S, Fulco G, Fantauzza B, Noto P. Anticholinergic toxicity associated with lupin seed ingestion: case report. Eur J Emerg Med. 2004;11(2):119-20.
- Dove ER, Mori TA, Chew GT, et al. Lupin and soya reduce glycaemia acutely in type 2 diabetes. Br J Nutr. 2011;106(7):1045-51.
- Eguíluz Gracia I, Martínez González de Lema B, Rubio-Pérez M, et al. Allergic reaction to undeclared lupin in a chocolate. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2015;25(2):140-2.
- Fechner A, Fenske K, Jahreis G. Effects of legume kernel fibres and citrus fibre on putative risk factors for colorectal cancer: a randomised, double-blind, crossover human intervention trial. Nutr J. 2013;12:101.
- Fechner A, Kiehntopf M, Jahreis G. The formation of short-chain fatty acids is positively associated with the blood lipid-lowering effect of lupin kernel fiber in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults. J Nutr. 2014;144(5):599-607.
- Fornasini M, Castro J, Villacrés E, Narváez L, Villamar MP, Baldeón ME. Hypoglycemic effect of Lupinus mutabilis in healthy volunteers and subjects with dysglycemia. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(2):425-33.
- Gayraud J, Mairesse M, Fontaine JF, et al. The prevalence of sensitization to lupin flour in France and Belgium: a prospective study in 5,366 patients, by the Allergy Vigilance Network. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;41(1):17-22.
- Hieta N, Hasan T, Mäkinen-Kiljunen S, Lammintausta K. Lupin allergy and lupin sensitization among patients with suspected food allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009;103(3):233-7.
- Hodgson JM, Lee YP, Puddey IB, et al. Effects of increasing dietary protein and fibre intake with lupin on body weight and composition and blood lipids in overweight men and women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010;34(6):1086-94.
- Johnson SK, Chua V, Hall RS, Baxter AL. Lupin kernel fibre foods improve bowel function and beneficially modify some putative faecal risk factors for colon cancer in men. Br J Nutr. 2006;95(2):372-8.
- Lee YP, Mori TA, Sipsas S, et al. Lupin-enriched bread increases satiety and reduces energy intake acutely. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(5):975-80.
- Lima AI, Mota J, Monteiro SA, Ferreira RM. Legume seeds and colorectal cancer revisited: Protease inhibitors reduce MMP-9 activity and colon cancer cell migration. Food Chem. 2016;197(Pt A):30-8.
- Lindvik H, Holden L, Løvik M, Cvancarova M, Halvorsen R. Lupin sensitization and clinical allergy in food allergic children in Norway. Acta Paediatr. 2008;97(1):91-5.
- Litkey J, Dailey MW. Anticholinergic toxicity associated with the ingestion of lupini beans. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25(2):215-7.
- Moreno-Ancillo A, Gil-Adrados AC, Domínguez-Noche C, Cosmes PM. Lupine inhalation induced asthma in a child. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2005;16(6):542-4.
- Peeters KA, Koppelman SJ, Penninks AH, et al. Clinical relevance of sensitization to lupine in peanut-sensitized adults. Allergy. 2009;64(4):549-55.
- Pingault NM, Gibbs RA, Barclay AM, Monaghan M. Two cases of anticholinergic syndrome associated with consumption of bitter lupin flour. Med J Aust. 2009;191(3):173-4.
- Reis AM, Fernandes NP, Marques SL, et al. Lupine sensitisation in a population of 1,160 subjects. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2007;35(4):162-3.
- Resta D, Boschin G, D'Agostina A, Arnoldi A. Evaluation of total quinolizidine alkaloids content in lupin flours, lupin-based ingredients, and foods. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008;52(4):490-5.
- Shaw J, Roberts G, Grimshaw K, White S, Hourihane J. Lupin allergy in peanut-allergic children and teenagers. Allergy. 2008;63(3):370-3.
- Smith SC, Choy R, Johnson SK, Hall RS, Wildeboer-Veloo AC, Welling GW. Lupin kernel fiber consumption modifies fecal microbiota in healthy men as determined by rRNA gene fluorescent in situ hybridization. Eur J Nutr. 2006;45(6):335-41.
- Weisse K, Brandsch C, Zernsdorf B, et al. Lupin protein compared to casein lowers the LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol-ratio of hypercholesterolemic adults. Eur J Nutr. 2010;49(2):65-71.
- Zange J, Schopen K, Albracht K, et al. Using the Hephaistos orthotic device to study countermeasure effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and dietary lupin protein supplementation, a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0171562.
- Skalkos S, Moschonis G, Thomas CJ, McMillan J, Kouris-Blazos A. Effect of lupin-enriched biscuits as substitute mid-meal snacks on post-prandial interstitial glucose excursions in post-surgical hospital patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutrients. 2020;12(5):1239. doi: 10.3390/nu12051239.
- Ward NC, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, et al. The effect of regular consumption of lupin-containing foods on glycaemic control and blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Food Funct. 2020;11(1):741-7.
- Fornasini Salvador MV, Abril-Ulloa SV, Beltrán Carreño P, et al. Efficacy of a Lupinus mutabilis sweet snack as complement to conventional type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Nutr Hosp. 2019;36(4):905-11. doi: 10.20960/nh.02590.
- EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Schrenk D, Bodin L, Chipman JK, et al. Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin-derived products. EFSA J. 2019;17(11):e05860. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5860.
- Thambiraj SR, Phillips M, Koyyalamudi SR, Reddy N. Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) polysaccharides: Antioxidant, immunomodulatory and prebiotic activities and their structural characterisation. Food Chem. 2018;267:319-28.
- Frick KM, Kamphuis LG, Siddique KHM, Singh KB, Foley RC. Quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in lupins and prospects for grain quality improvement. Front Plant Sci. 2017;8:87. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00087.
- US Food and Drug Administration Consumer Updates. Allergies to a legume called lupin: what you need to know. 08/14/2015. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/allergies-legume-called-lupin-what-you-need-know (Accessed 10/09/2020).