Canola Oil
OTHER NAME(S): DHA-Enriched Canola Oil, High Oleic Acid Canola Oil, High Oleic Canola Oil, Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oil, Rapeseed Oil, Aceite de canola, Huile de canola
Overview
Canola oil is an oil from the canola plant. The canola plant is a type of rapeseed. While rapeseed contains a compound that can be harmful, the canola plant does not contain this chemical in large amounts. Canola oil is commonly used in foods.
Canola oil is most commonly used for preventing heart disease and for lowering cholesterol levels.
Uses
Possibly Effective for
- Heart disease. There is some evidence that using canola oil in place of dietary fats with higher amounts of saturated fat might reduce the risk of heart disease. The suggested amount of canola oil is about 20 grams (1.5 tbsp) per day in place of other fats and oils.
- High cholesterol. Replacing other dietary fats with canola oil seems to slightly lower levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol in people with high cholesterol and those at risk for heart disease. Some types of canola oil are modified to contain high amounts of oleic acid or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These types of canola oil might have a greater effect on LDL cholesterol than regular canola oil.
Possibly Ineffective for
- Obesity. Although not all research agrees, most research shows that taking canola oil doesn't greatly reduce body weight. It also doesn't seem to reduce fat.
Insufficient Evidence for
- Diabetes. Early research shows that including canola oil as part of a low glycemic load diet helps to control blood sugar better than a whole-grain diet in people with diabetes who are already taking antidiabetes drugs. Other early research shows that taking canola oil reduces levels of LDL cholesterol in middle-aged women with diabetes. But it does not work as well as rice bran oil.
- Inherited tendency towards high cholesterol (familial hypercholesterolemia). Early research shows that using canola oil as the only source of fat as part of a low-fat diet helps to reduce levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol in children with inherited high cholesterol. But using sunflower oil as the only source of dietary fat seems to work just as well.
- High blood pressure. Early research shows that using canola oil that contains docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) helps lower blood pressure in people with large waists and risk factors for heart disease. But it seems that it is the DHA in the canola oil is what causes this improvement. Using canola oil without DHA does not seem to lower blood pressure.
- A grouping of symptoms that increase the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke (metabolic syndrome). Early research shows that using canola oil instead of butter helps lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol in men with metabolic syndrome. But using canola oil doesn't seem to lower blood pressure, triglycerides, or blood sugar. It also doesn't seem to increase levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL or "good") cholesterol.
- Build up of fat in the liver in people who drink little or no alcohol (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD). Early research shows that cooking with canola oil may help reduce the severity of NAFLD compared to cooking with soybean/safflower oil.
- Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of canola oil for these uses.
Side Effects
When taken by mouth: Canola oil is LIKELY SAFE when used in food amounts. There isn't enough reliable information to know if canola oil is safe when taken by mouth as a medicine.
Precautions
When taken by mouth: Canola oil is LIKELY SAFE when used in food amounts. There isn't enough reliable information to know if canola oil is safe when taken by mouth as a medicine.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Canola oil is LIKELY SAFE when used in food amounts. There isn't enough reliable information to know if canola oil is safe to use as a medicine when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.
Children: Canola oil is LIKELY SAFE when used in food amounts. There isn't enough reliable information to know if canola oil is safe to use as a medicine.
Interactions
We currently have no information for Canola Oil overview.
Dosing
ADULTS
BY MOUTH:
- For heart disease: For reducing the risk of heart disease, using about 20 grams (1.5 tbsp) of canola oil per day in place of other fats and oils with higher amounts of saturated fat might help.
- For high cholesterol: Replacing other edible fats and oils with canola oil daily for 4 weeks has been used. In some cases, a diet is prepared to provide up to 60 grams of canola oil per 3000 kcal of energy. In other cases, a diet is prepared to provide canola oil as 70% of total fat. Cheese providing 11 grams of canola oil in place of milk fat daily for 4 weeks has also been used.
References
- Crawford M, Galli C, Visioli F, et al. Role of Plant-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition. Ann Nutr Metab 2000;44:263-5.
- Connor WE. Alpha-linolenic acid in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:827-8.
- Gibson RA, Makrides M. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid requirements of term infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:251S-5S.
- Gillingham, L. G., Gustafson, J. A., Han, S. Y., Jassal, D. S., and Jones, P. J. High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Br J Nutr 2011;105(3):417-427.
- Jones PJ, Senanayake VK, Pu S, Jenkins DJ, Connelly PW, Lamarche B, Couture P, Charest A, Baril-Gravel L, West SG, Liu X, Fleming JA, McCrea CE, Kris-Etherton PM. DHA-enriched high-oleic acid canola oil improves lipid profile and lowers predicted cardiovascular disease risk in the canola oil multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100(1):88-97.
- Lin L, Allemekinders H, Dansby A, et al. Evidence of health benefits of canola oil. Nutr Rev. 2013;71(6):370-85.
- Qualified Health Claims - Qualified Health Claims: Letter of Enforcement Discretion - Unsaturated Fatty Acids from Canola Oil and Reduced Risk of Coronary Heart Disease (Docket No. 2006Q-0091). 2006. Available at: https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171114183734/https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm072958.htm. Accessed 25 March 2019.
- https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/. Accessed January 25, 2019.
- FDA completes review of qualified health claim petition for oleic acid and the risk of coronary heart disease. November 2018. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/ucm624758.htm. Accessed January 25, 2019.
- Liu X, Kris-Etherton PM, West SG, et al. Effects of canola and high-oleic-acid canola oils on abdominal fat mass in individuals with central obesity. Obesity. 2016;24(11):2261-2268.
- Jones PJ, MacKay DS, Senanayake VK, et al. High-oleic canola oil consumption enriches LDL particle cholesteryl oleate content and reduces LDL proteoglycan binding in humans. Atherosclerosis. 2015;238(2):231-8.
- Kruse M, von Loeffelholz C, Hoffmann D, et al. Dietary rapeseed/canola-oil supplementation reduces serum lipids and liver enzymes and alters postprandial inflammatory responses in adipose tissue compared to olive-oil supplementation in obese men. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59(3):507-19.
- Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Vuksan V, et al. Effect of lowering the glycemic load with canola oil on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(7):1806-14.
- Nigam P, Bhatt S, Misra A, et al. Effect of a 6-month intervention with cooking oils containing a high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (olive and canola oils) compared with control oil in male Asian Indians with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2014;16(4):255-61.
- Iggman D, Gustafsson IB, Berglund L, Vessby B, Marckmann P, Risérus U. Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study. J Intern Med. 2011;270(4):356-64.
- Palomäki A, Pohjantähti-Maaroos H, Wallenius M, et al. Effects of dietary cold-pressed turnip rapeseed oil and butter on serum lipids, oxidized LDL and arterial elasticity in men with metabolic syndrome. Lipids Health Dis. 2010;9:137.
- Karvonen HM, Tapola NS, Uusitupa MI, Sarkkinen ES. The effect of vegetable oil-based cheese on serum total and lipoprotein lipids. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56(11):1094-101.
- Kratz M, von Eckardstein A, Fobker M, et al. The impact of dietary fat composition on serum leptin concentrations in healthy nonobese men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(11):5008-14.
- Nielsen NS, Pedersen A, Sandström B, Marckmann P, Høy CE. Different effects of diets rich in olive oil, rapeseed oil and sunflower-seed oil on postprandial lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and on lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility. Br J Nutr. 2002;87(5):489-99.
- Francois CA, Connor SL, Wander RC, Connor WE. Acute effects of dietary fatty acids on the fatty acids of human milk. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(2):301-8.
- Salar A, Faghih S, Pishdad GR. Rice bran oil and canola oil improve blood lipids compared to sunflower oil in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. J Clin Lipidol. 2016;10(2):299-305.
- Libuda L, Mesch CM, Stimming M, et al. Fatty acid supply with complementary foods and LC-PUFA status in healthy infants: results of a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(4):1633-44.
- Negele L, Schneider B, Ristl R, et al. Effect of a low-fat diet enriched either with rapeseed oil or sunflower oil on plasma lipoproteins in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Results of a pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(3):337-43.
- Baril-Gravel L, Labonté ME, Couture P, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched canola oil increases adiponectin concentrations: a randomized crossover controlled intervention trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25(1):52-9.
- Gladine C, Combe N, Vaysse C, et al. Optimized rapeseed oil enriched with healthy micronutrients: a relevant nutritional approach to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Results of the Optim'Oils randomized intervention trial. J Nutr Biochem. 2013;24(3):544-9.
- Gillingham LG, Robinson KS, Jones PJ. Effect of high-oleic canola and flaxseed oils on energy expenditure and body composition in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Metabolism. 2012;61(11):1598-605.
- Rzehak P, Koletzko S, Koletzko B, et al.Growth of infants fed formula rich in canola oil (low erucic acid rapeseed oil). Clin Nutr. 2011;30(3):339-45.
- Atefi M, Pishdad GR, Faghih S. The effects of canola and olive oils on insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized and controlled trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2018;17(2):85-91.
- Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Amiri M, Humphries KH, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effect of canola oil on body weight and composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(3):419-432.
- Ghobadi S, Hassanzadeh-Rostami Z, Mohammadian F, Zare M, Faghih S. Effects of canola oil consumption on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. J Am Coll Nutr. 2019;38(2):185-196.
- Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Amiri M, Zimorovat A, et al. Canola oil compared with sesame and sesame-canola oil on glycaemic control and liver function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A three-way randomized triple-blind cross-over trial. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021;37(5):e3399.
- Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Amiri M, Moghtaderi F, et al. Effects of sesame, canola and sesame-canola oils on body weight and composition in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, cross-over clinical trial. J Sci Food Agric 2021;101(14):6083-6092.
- Moghtaderi F, Amiri M, Zimorovat A, et al. The effect of canola, sesame and sesame-canola oils on body fat and composition in adults: a triple-blind, three-way randomised cross-over clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021;72(2):226-235.
- Moghtaderi F, Amiri M, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Zimorovat A, Mohyadini M, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effect of sesame, canola, and sesame-canola oils on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight adults: a three-way randomized triple-blind crossover clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022;36(2):1043-1057.
- Amiri M, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Moghtaderi F, Zimorovat A, Mohyadini M, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effects of sesame, canola, and sesame-canola oils on cardiometabolic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a triple-blind three-way randomized crossover clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2022;61(7):3499-3516.
- Yahay M, Heidari Z, Allameh Z, Amani R. The effects of canola and olive oils consumption compared to sunflower oil, on lipid profile and hepatic steatosis in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis. 2021 Jan 29;20(1):7.
- Zhang Y, Zhuang P, Wu F, et al. Cooking oil/fat consumption and deaths from cardiometabolic diseases and other causes: prospective analysis of 521,120 individuals. BMC Med. 2021 Apr 15;19(1):92.
- Dobrzynska MA, Przyslawski J. The effect of camelina oil (a-linolenic acid) and canola oil (oleic acid) on lipid profile, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters in postmenopausal women. Arch Med Sci. 2020 Mar 31;17(6):1566-74.
- Davis KM, Petersen KS, Bowen KJ, et al. Effects of diets enriched with conventional or high-oleic canola oils on vascular endothelial function: A sub-study of the Canola Oil Multi-Centre Intervention Trial 2 (COMIT-2), a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 18;14(16):3404.
- Amiri M, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Sarrafzadegan N, Forbes SC, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effects of canola oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis with dose-response analysis of controlled clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Nov 27;30(12):2133-45.
- Pourrajab B, Sharifi-Zahabi E, Soltani S, Shahinfar H, Shidfar F. Comparison of canola oil and olive oil consumption on the serum lipid profile in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Jul 22:1-15.